Skip to main content
  • In Stock
  • New
Brands
Show More
VA Rating
Watts
Outlets
Show More
Battery Run Time
Interface Port
Show More
Rackmountable
Battery Type
Availability
Condition
Useful Links
Customer Ratings
Sort By:
View:
EATON 5S1500G 1500 VA 900 Watts 8 Outlets UPS
Quick View
EATON 5S1500G 1500 VA 900 Watts 8 Outlets UPS
  • Outlets: 8
  • Input Voltage Range: 175 V AC to 275 V AC 230 V AC Nominal
  • Input Frequency: 50/60 Hz
  • Input Connection: (1) IEC-320-C14
  • Model #: 5S1500G
Eaton 5P1500RC 1440 VA 1100 Watts 10 Outlets 2U Rackmount Compact UPS
Quick View
Eaton 5P1500RC 1440 VA 1100 Watts 10 Outlets 2U Rackmount Compact UPS
  • Outlets: 10
  • Battery Run Time: Half Load: 13 Minutes Full Load: 5 Minutes
  • Output Frequency: 50/60Hz +/- 0.1%
  • International Version: 120V
  • Model #: 5P1500RC
Tripp Lite series SmartPro 1440VA 1440W 120V Line-Interactive Sine Wave UPS - 8 Outlets, Extended Run, Network Card Included, LCD, USB, DB9, 2U Rack/Tower (SMART1500RMXLN)
Quick View
Tripp Lite series SmartPro 1440VA 1440W 120V Line-Interactive Sine Wave UPS - 8 Outlets, Extended Run, Network Card Included, LCD, USB, DB9, 2U Rack/Tower (SMART1500RMXLN)
  • Outlets: 8 x NEMA 5-15R
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load (min.): 5.1 min. (1440w) Half Load (min.): 15.1 min. (720w)
  • Output Frequency: 50 / 60 Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: Less than 4.5 hours from 10% to 90% (typical, full load discharge)
  • Model #: SMART1500RMXLN
  •  
  • S$2,342.62 
  • S$967.23 Shipping
Tripp Lite series 1440VA 1000W 120V Line-Interactive Cloud-Connected UPS
Quick View
Tripp Lite series 1440VA 1000W 120V Line-Interactive Cloud-Connected UPS
  • Brand: TRIPP LITE
  • Parts: 3 Year
  • Model #: SMART1500LCDTXC
APC UPS, 3000 VA Smart-UPS Sine Wave, Short Depth UPS Battery Backup with Extended Run Option, Tower/4U Rack Convertible, Line-Interactive, 208V (SMX3000HVT)
Quick View
APC UPS, 3000 VA Smart-UPS Sine Wave, Short Depth UPS Battery Backup with Extended Run Option, Tower/4U Rack Convertible, Line-Interactive, 208V (SMX3000HVT)
  • Outlets: 10
  • Battery Recharge Time: 3 hour(s)
  • Series: Smart-UPS
  • Input Voltage Range: 186 - 284V
  • Model #: SMX3000HVT
  •  
  • S$4,618.58 
  • S$1,657.61 Shipping
Tripp Lite SMART1500RT1U 1500VA Rack/Tower UPS 1U Rack/Tower - AVR - 2 Minute Stand-by - 120 V AC Input - 120 V AC Output - 5 x NEMA 5-15R
Quick View
Tripp Lite SMART1500RT1U 1500VA Rack/Tower UPS 1U Rack/Tower - AVR - 2 Minute Stand-by - 120 V AC Input - 120 V AC Output - 5 x NEMA 5-15R
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load Runtime (min.): 2 Half Load Runtime (min.): 8
  • Input Voltage Range: 100V AC; 120V AC; 127V AC
  • Input Frequency: 50/60 Hz
  • Battery Type: Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
  • Model #: SMART1500RT1U
Eaton 5P750, 750 VA 600 Watts Tower UPS
Quick View
Eaton 5P750, 750 VA 600 Watts Tower UPS
  • Outlets: 8
  • Output Frequency: 50/60 Hz +/-0.1 % (autosensing)
  • Input Frequency: 50/60 Hz
  • Input Connection: NEMA 5-15P
  • Model #: 5P750
Tripp Lite series SmartOnline 120V 700VA 630W Double-Conversion UPS, 6 Outlets, Network Card Option, LCD, USB, DB9, Tower (SU700XLCD)
Quick View
Tripp Lite series SmartOnline 120V 700VA 630W Double-Conversion UPS, 6 Outlets, Network Card Option, LCD, USB, DB9, Tower (SU700XLCD)
  • Outlets: 6
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load: 5.9 min. (630W) Half Load: 16.9 min. (315W)
  • Output Frequency: 50 / 60 Hz
  • Brand: TRIPP LITE
  • Model #: SU700XLCD
Tripp Lite SmartPro 6 Outlet 120V 500VA 300W Line-Interactive UPS SMART500RT1UN
Quick View
Tripp Lite SmartPro 6 Outlet 120V 500VA 300W Line-Interactive UPS SMART500RT1UN
  • Battery Type: Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
  • Model #: SMART500RT1UN
Eaton 5PX G2 UPS 1000VA 1000W 120V Network Card Included 2U Rack/Tower
Quick View
TRIPP LITE SMX3000XLRT2UA 3000VA 2700W SmartPro Line Interactive Sine Wave UPS, Extended-Run & SNMPWEBCARD options, 2U Rack/Tower
Quick View
TRIPP LITE SMX3000XLRT2UA 3000VA 2700W SmartPro Line Interactive Sine Wave UPS, Extended-Run & SNMPWEBCARD options, 2U Rack/Tower
  • Outlets: 9
  • Battery Run Time: Full load runtime (minutes): 3.9 min. (2700w) Half load runtime (minutes): 11.1 min. (1350w)
  • Output Frequency: 50 / 60Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: Less than 5 hours from 10 to 90%
  • Model #: SMX3000XLRT2UA
  •  
  • S$3,444.25 
  • S$1,252.43 Shipping
Tripp Lite SMART1000RM2U Series SmartPro 120V 1kVA 800W Line-Interactive Sine Wave UPS, 2U Rack/Tower, Network Card Options, LCD, USB, DB9, 6 Outlets - 1000VA/800W-5.3 Minute Full Load- 6 x NEMA 5-15R
Quick View
Tripp Lite SMART1000RM2U Series SmartPro 120V 1kVA 800W Line-Interactive Sine Wave UPS, 2U Rack/Tower, Network Card Options, LCD, USB, DB9, 6 Outlets - 1000VA/800W-5.3 Minute Full Load- 6 x NEMA 5-15R
  • Outlets: 6
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load: 5.3 minutes Half Load: 15 minutes
  • Input Voltage Range: 120V
  • Output Voltage: 120V
  • Model #: SMART1000RM2U
  •  
  • S$1,275.02 
  • S$780.91 Shipping
Eaton 5P Rack/Tower UPS, 1950 VA / 1920W, 2U, 120V, 5-20P Input, (8) 5-20R Output, ENERGY STAR qualified UPS
Quick View
Eaton 5P Rack/Tower UPS, 1950 VA / 1920W, 2U, 120V, 5-20P Input, (8) 5-20R Output, ENERGY STAR qualified UPS
  • Outlets: 8
  • International Version: 120V
  • Input Voltage Range: 89-151 Vac (adjustable to 70-153 Vac)
  • Input Frequency: 50/60 Hz (auto-sensing)
  • Model #: 5P2200RT
  •  
  • S$2,592.67 
  • S$1,274.60 Shipping
Tripp Lite 750 VA UPS Battery Backup, 450 Watts Eco Green, USB, RJ11, 12 Outlets (ECO750UPS)
Quick View
Tripp Lite 750 VA UPS Battery Backup, 450 Watts Eco Green, USB, RJ11, 12 Outlets (ECO750UPS)
  • Outlets: 12
  • Battery Run Time: Half load runtime: 9.4 minutes (225 Watts)
  • Output Frequency: 60 Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: 20 Hour(s)
  • Model #: ECO750UPS
  •  
  • S$210.89 
  • S$199.94 Shipping
Eaton 5P1000R 5P 1000VA 770W 120V Line-Interactive UPS, 5-15P, 5x 5-15R Outlets, True Sine Wave, Cybersecure Network Card Option, 1U Rack-mountable - 5 Minute Stand-by-110 V AC Input-132 V AC Output
Quick View
Eaton 5P1000R 5P 1000VA 770W 120V Line-Interactive UPS, 5-15P, 5x 5-15R Outlets, True Sine Wave, Cybersecure Network Card Option, 1U Rack-mountable - 5 Minute Stand-by-110 V AC Input-132 V AC Output
  • Outlets: 5
  • Battery Run Time: Backup/Run Time (Half Load) 12 Minute Backup/Run Time (Full Load) 5 Minute
  • Output Frequency: 50 / 60 Hz +/- 0.1 % (autosensing)
  • Brand: EATON
  • Model #: 5P1000R
Eaton 9PX1500RT 9PX 1500VA 1350W 120V Online Double-Conversion UPS - 5-15P, 8x 5-15R Outlets, Cybersecure Network Card Option, Extended Run, 2U Rack/Tower-2U Rack/Tower - 20 V AC Input-120 V AC Output
Quick View
Eaton 9PX1500RT 9PX 1500VA 1350W 120V Online Double-Conversion UPS - 5-15P, 8x 5-15R Outlets, Cybersecure Network Card Option, Extended Run, 2U Rack/Tower-2U Rack/Tower - 20 V AC Input-120 V AC Output
  • Outlets: 8
  • Battery Run Time: At 100% load (1350W): Around 4 minutes At 50% load (675W): Around 11 minutes At 25% load (337.5W): Around 23 minutes
  • Brand: Eaton
  • Series: 9PX
  • Model #: 9PX1500RT
Tripp Lite SMART1500 Smart Pro 1500 VA 980 Watts Tower 6 Outlets Line Interactive UPS
Quick View
Tripp Lite SMART1500 Smart Pro 1500 VA 980 Watts Tower 6 Outlets Line Interactive UPS
  • Outlets: 6
  • Battery Run Time: Full load runtime 7 minutes (1500 VA) Half load runtime 20 minutes (750 VA)
  • Battery Recharge Time: 2-4 hours to 90%
  • Output Voltage: LINE MODE: Sine wave line voltage 120V (-18% / +8%) BATTERY MODE: PWM sine wave output 115V +/-5%
  • Model #: SMART1500
Tripp Lite series SmartOnline 1500VA 1350W 120V Double-Conversion UPS - 8 Outlets, Extended Run, Network Card Included, LCD, USB, DB9, 2U Rack/Tower (SU1500RTXLCDN)
Quick View
Tripp Lite series SmartOnline 1500VA 1350W 120V Double-Conversion UPS - 8 Outlets, Extended Run, Network Card Included, LCD, USB, DB9, 2U Rack/Tower (SU1500RTXLCDN)
  • Outlets: 8
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load: 5.8 min. (1350W) Half Load: 16.5 min. (675W)
  • Output Frequency: 50 / 60 Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: 3 hours recharge to 90%
  • Model #: SU1500RTXLCDN
  •  
  • S$2,655.40 
  • S$1,046.80 Shipping
Eaton 9SX700  9SX 700VA 630W 120V Online Double-Conversion UPS - 6 NEMA 5-15R Outlets, Cybersecure Network Card Option, Extended Run, Tower - Tower - 5.80 Minute Stand-by - 120 V AC Input - 100 V AC
Quick View
Eaton 9SX700 9SX 700VA 630W 120V Online Double-Conversion UPS - 6 NEMA 5-15R Outlets, Cybersecure Network Card Option, Extended Run, Tower - Tower - 5.80 Minute Stand-by - 120 V AC Input - 100 V AC
  • Outlets: 6 x NEMA 5-15R
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load (630W): Around 5 minutes Half Load (315W): Approximately 13
  • Brand: EATON
  • Input Voltage Range: 100 V AC - 138 V AC
  • Model #: 9SX700
  •  
  • S$1,299.99 
  • S$175.97 Shipping
Eaton Tripp Lite Series 1200VA 720W 120V Pure Sine Wave Gaming UPS Battery Backup - LCD, AVR, RGB LEDs, USB Charging, Power Saving -Tower- AVR -7 Hour Recharge - 2.50 Minute Stand-by -SMART1200PSGLCD
Quick View
Eaton Tripp Lite Series 1200VA 720W 120V Pure Sine Wave Gaming UPS Battery Backup - LCD, AVR, RGB LEDs, USB Charging, Power Saving -Tower- AVR -7 Hour Recharge - 2.50 Minute Stand-by -SMART1200PSGLCD
  • Outlets: 10
  • Battery Run Time: 1 - 30 minutes
  • Output Frequency: 50 / 60 Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: 7 hours from 10% to 90%
  • Model #: SMART1200PSGLCD
  •  
  • S$452.75 
  • S$174.50 Shipping
Eaton External Battery Pack for Select Eaton 5PX G2 UPS 48V 2U 5PXEBM48RTG2
Quick View
  •  
  • S$1,742.56 
  • S$1,254.66 Shipping
TRIPP LITE SM1000RM1UTAA 1000VA 800W UPS
Quick View
TRIPP LITE SM1000RM1UTAA 1000VA 800W UPS
  • Outlets: 6
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load Runtime: 4 minutes. (800w) Half Load Runtime: 14 minutes (400w)
  • Output Frequency: 60 Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: Less than 4.5 hours from 10% to 90%
  • Model #: SM1000RM1UTAA
Tripp Lite ECO750UPSTAA Series TAA-Compliant ECO Series 120V 750VA 450W Energy-Saving Standby UPS with USB port and 12 Outlets - 750VA/450W - 2.5 Minute Full Load - 6 x NEMA 5-15R -6 x NEMA 5-15R
Quick View
Tripp Lite ECO750UPSTAA Series TAA-Compliant ECO Series 120V 750VA 450W Energy-Saving Standby UPS with USB port and 12 Outlets - 750VA/450W - 2.5 Minute Full Load - 6 x NEMA 5-15R -6 x NEMA 5-15R
  • Outlets: 12
  • Battery Run Time: Half Load Runtime: 9.4 min. (225w)
  • Output Frequency: 60 Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: Less than 16 hours from 10% to 90%
  • Model #: ECO750UPSTAA
Tripp Lite OMNIVS1500XL OMNI VS 1500 VA 940 Watts 8 Outlets Line Interactive Tower UPS Extended Runtime
Quick View
Tripp Lite OMNIVS1500XL OMNI VS 1500 VA 940 Watts 8 Outlets Line Interactive Tower UPS Extended Runtime
  • Outlets: 6 UPS outlets, 2 surge-only outlets
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load Runtime: 4.5 minutes (940 Watts) Half Load Runtime: 13 minutes (470 Watts)
  • Output Frequency: 60 Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: Less than 4.5 hour(s) from 10% to 90%
  • Model #: OMNIVS1500XL
  •  
  • S$680.22 
  • S$568.62 Shipping
Tripp Lite OMNIVS1500LCD Series 1440VA 900W Line-Interactive UPS - 8 NEMA 5-15R Outlets, AVR, 120V, 50/60 Hz, USB, Serial, LCD, Tower - Tower - AVR -8 Hour Recharge - 2 Minute Stand-by -120 V AC Input
Quick View
Tripp Lite OMNIVS1500LCD Series 1440VA 900W Line-Interactive UPS - 8 NEMA 5-15R Outlets, AVR, 120V, 50/60 Hz, USB, Serial, LCD, Tower - Tower - AVR -8 Hour Recharge - 2 Minute Stand-by -120 V AC Input
  • Outlets: 8 x NEMA 5-15R
  • Output Voltage: 110 V AC 115 V AC 120 V AC
  • Battery Type: Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
  • Parts: 3 Year
  • Model #: OMNIVS1500LCD
  •  
  • S$307.81 
  • S$154.92 Shipping
EATON 5P1500RT EATON 5P RACK/TOWER UPS. 1440 VA / 1440W, 2U, 120V, 5-15P INPUT, (8) 5-15R OUTPU
Quick View
  •  
  • S$1,756.50 
  • S$1,244.09 Shipping
Tripp Lite SM1000RM2UTAA Smart Pro 1000VA 700 Watts 6 Outlets 2U Rackmount Line Interactive UPS TAA / GSA Compliant
Quick View
Tripp Lite SM1000RM2UTAA Smart Pro 1000VA 700 Watts 6 Outlets 2U Rackmount Line Interactive UPS TAA / GSA Compliant
  • Outlets: 6
  • Battery Run Time: Full load runtime (minutes) 7 min. (700w) Half load runtime (minutes) 17 min. (350w)
  • Battery Recharge Time: Less than 4 hours from 10% to 90%
  • Output Voltage: 120v
  • Model #: SM1000RM2UTAA
  •  
  • S$1,344.52 
  • S$827.85 Shipping
Tripp Lite Smartpro 230v 1500va 1350w Line-interactive Sine Wave Ups 2u Extended Run Web
Quick View
Tripp Lite Smartpro 230v 1500va 1350w Line-interactive Sine Wave Ups 2u Extended Run Web
  • Battery Type: Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
  • VA: 1500 VA / Expandable
  • Model #: SMX1500XLRT2UN
  •  
  • S$2,450.04 
  • S$1,000.66 Shipping
Tripp Lite series SmartPro 1000VA 1000W 120V Line-Interactive Sine Wave UPS - 8 Outlets, Extended Run, Network Card Option, LCD, USB, DB9, 2U Rack/Tower (SMART1000RMXL2U)
Quick View
Tripp Lite series SmartPro 1000VA 1000W 120V Line-Interactive Sine Wave UPS - 8 Outlets, Extended Run, Network Card Option, LCD, USB, DB9, 2U Rack/Tower (SMART1000RMXL2U)
  • Outlets: 8
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load Runtime (min.): 6.3 min. (900w) Half Load Runtime (min.): 18 min. (450w)
  • Output Frequency: 60 Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: Less than 4.5 hours from 10 to 90% (typical, full load discharge)
  • Model #: SMART1000RMXL2U
Tripp Lite  SM2200RMXL2UTAA Smart Pro Rackmount 2200 VA 1600 Watts 8 Outlets Line Interactive UPS TAA / GSA Compliant
Quick View
Tripp Lite SM2200RMXL2UTAA Smart Pro Rackmount 2200 VA 1600 Watts 8 Outlets Line Interactive UPS TAA / GSA Compliant
  • Outlets: 8
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load Runtime: 4.5 min. (1920w) Half Load Runtime: 12 min. (960w)
  • Output Frequency: 60 Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: Less than 4.5 hours from 10% to 90%
  • Model #: SM2200RMXL2UTAA
  •  
  • S$2,664.64 
  • S$1,267.60 Shipping
Tripp Lite series SmartOnline 3000VA 2700W 120V Double-Conversion UPS - 7 Outlets, Extended Run, Network Card Option, LCD, USB, DB9, 2U Rack/Tower (SU3000RTXLCD2U)
Quick View
Tripp Lite series SmartOnline 3000VA 2700W 120V Double-Conversion UPS - 7 Outlets, Extended Run, Network Card Option, LCD, USB, DB9, 2U Rack/Tower (SU3000RTXLCD2U)
  • Outlets: 7
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load: 4.8 min. (2700W) Half Load: 13.9 min. (1350W)
  • Output Frequency: 50 / 60 Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: 3 hours recharge to 90%
  • Model #: SU3000RTXLCD2U
  •  
  • S$4,132.89 
  • S$1,727.44 Shipping
Tripp Lite SU3000LCD2UHV UPS 208/240V 3000VA 2.7kW Double-Conversion UPS - 8 Outlets Extended Run Card Slot LCD USB DB9 2U - 2U Rack-mountable - 5 Minute Stand-by - 230 V AC Input - 230 V AC Output -
Quick View
Tripp Lite SU3000LCD2UHV UPS 208/240V 3000VA 2.7kW Double-Conversion UPS - 8 Outlets Extended Run Card Slot LCD USB DB9 2U - 2U Rack-mountable - 5 Minute Stand-by - 230 V AC Input - 230 V AC Output -
  • Outlets: 8
  • Battery Run Time: Full Load Runtime: 5 minutes (2700 Watts) Half Load Runtime: 13.5 minutes (1350 Watts)
  • Input Voltage Range: 200V AC; 208V AC; 220V AC; 230V AC; 240V AC
  • Input Connection: C20 inlet
  • Model #: SU3000LCD2UHV
  •  
  • S$3,968.38 
  • S$1,454.26 Shipping
Tripp Lite SMART2200RM2U Series SmartPro 1950VA 1950W 120V Line-Interactive Sine Wave UPS - 7 Outlets, Extended Run, LCD, USB, DB9, 2U Rack/Tower -1950VA/1950W - 4 x NEMA 5-15R, 4 x NEMA 5-15/20R
Quick View
Tripp Lite SMART2200RM2U Series SmartPro 1950VA 1950W 120V Line-Interactive Sine Wave UPS - 7 Outlets, Extended Run, LCD, USB, DB9, 2U Rack/Tower -1950VA/1950W - 4 x NEMA 5-15R, 4 x NEMA 5-15/20R
  • Outlets: 7
  • Battery Run Time: Full load runtime (minutes): 4 min. (1950W) Half load runtime (minutes): 12 min. (975W)
  • Battery Recharge Time: Less than 4.5 hours from 10% to 90%
  • Brand: TRIPP LITE
  • Model #: SMART2200RM2U
APC 3000VA Smart-UPS Single Phase Rack-Mountable Uninterruptible Power Supply with Network Card
Quick View
APC 3000VA Smart-UPS Single Phase Rack-Mountable Uninterruptible Power Supply with Network Card
  • Outlets: 9
  • Output Frequency: 50/60Hz +/- 3 Hz
  • Battery Recharge Time: 3 hour(s)
  • Series: Smart-UPS
  • Model #: SRT3000RMXLA-NC
  •  
  • S$8,154.00 
  • S$1,513.75 Shipping

An uninterruptible power supply, or UPS system, ensures that electricity continuously reaches crucial equipment, powering it at all times. Even if other devices lose power during outages or brownouts, servers and computers continue to run. Users then have time to safely shut down their machinery to prevent the loss of data. A UPS system also is essential for keeping important systems such as security cameras and health care equipment running for as long as possible.

A UPS System Protects Against Surges

The outlets on a UPS system provide similar defenses to those offered by surge protectors, absorbing the excess energy of surges and spikes. Receiving a jolt of too much power may damage sensitive computer components such as hard drives. A desktop UPS or a larger model likely has multiple devices plugged in and keeps them safe from such events that are especially prevalent after outages, just as power is restored. The initial spike may be detrimental to devices plugged into a standard outlet, so a surge-protected outlet is helpful. Some UPS models feature surge-only outlets, which supply power and protection without draining the UPS battery.

Saving Energy with a UPS System

Many UPS system types have a "green" or "eco" mode that increases energy efficiency and reduces utility costs. Energy-focused systems offer extra savings measures such as switching off during non-business hours or detecting and bypassing unused equipment. A UPS system usually also has a single switch or circuit breaker similar to the kind many power strips have. Operators can power down multiple devices with just the press of a button, making reboots and power-cycles quicker, easier and safer.

Protection for Multiple Types of Equipment

A single-user UPS system is small enough to fit beneath a desk while still supplying protection for a computer, monitor and printer. Specialized UPS models meet the unique needs of environments such as hospitals and marine vessels. When installing in a server room alongside equipment such as servers and a power distribution unit, consider a rack-mountable UPS to economize on space. A UPS typically has not only electrical outlets but also network, USB and serial ports for protecting against noise as well as surges. Some devices use transformer block plugs, requiring outlets spaced farther apart.

Suitable for Small and Large Businesses

Businesses of all sizes use servers and switches, for which a pure sinewave UPS is an optimal solution. These closely simulate the type of power you expect from standard utilities for consistent, reliable performance. There are also single-phase UPS systems for smaller set-ups and three-phase units for powering multiple devices with varying power requirements. Line-interactive units manage voltage changes without utilizing battery power unless necessary, so it has a strong charge and is ready to handle an outage. An online UPS system, on the other hand, converts incoming power using the battery to maintain consistency. This creates a layer of insulation between the equipment and external line issues.