How many drive bays does the Synology RackStation RS1226+ have, and what kinds of drives are compatible with it?

It has 8 drive bays and supports 8 x 3.5-inch SATA HDDs or 2.5-inch SATA SSDs, plus 2 x M.2 2280 NVMe SSDs.

What type of processor does the Synology RackStation RS1226+ use?

It uses an AMD Ryzen V1500B processor.

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Synology RackStation RS1226+ 8 Bay Rackmount NAS - AMD Ryzen Embedded V1500B (2.2 GHz) - 4GB DDR4 - 8 Bay - Gigabit Ethernet - USB 3.2