What kind of network connections is this cable designed to support?

It is designed for high-density 40G and 100G connections between switches and servers, and it is ideal for data centers, SANs, and QSFP+ connections.

What type of fiber cable is this and what is its length?

This is a StarTech OS2 single mode MTP/MPO fiber optic cable, and its length is 10m (33ft).

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StarTech 10m (33ft) MTP/MPO Fiber Optic Cable - 12F Type-B - OS2 Single Mode MTP/APC Female Fiber Jumper - 9/125, OFNP Plenum - OS2MTP12AOFNP10M

This OS2 MTP®/MPO single mode fiber cable supports high-density 40G and 100G connections between switches and servers, helping reduce cable bulk and simplify routing across data hall racks. The 12-fiber design supports high-speed MTP®/MPO connectivity for multi-fiber network applications.
Constructed with OS2 9/125µm laser-optimized Corning glass, this cable delivers consistent high-bandwidth transmission for long-distance data center and backbone links. Type-B polarity MTP® Elite connector maintains proper transmit/receive alignment for multi-lane connections, ensuring reliable performance without additional crossover components. Each cable is individually tested for signal integrity.