What type of fiber cable does this transceiver module support?

This transceiver module supports Single Mode Fiber.

What is the maximum distance this SFP+ module can transmit data?

The maximum distance for this SFP+ module is 10 km (6.2 mi).

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StarTech.com Brocade 10G-SFPP-LR Compatible SFP+ Module - 10GBASE-LR - 10GE SFP+ 10GbE Single Mode Fiber SMF Optic Transceiver - 10km DDM

Enjoy flexibility and scalability with data transfer rate of up to 10 Gbps with 10 Gigabit Ethernet technology
Optical fiber cable compatible - Spans afar and provides speedy data transmission rates between servers and network components
Single-mode fiber mode support for feasible connectivity with added productivity
SFP+ offers enhanced dependability with maximum productivity
SFP+ with data networking application/usage for maximum dependability and convenience
Hot-swappable form factor allows hassle-free and easy usage with increased efficiency
10GBase-LR network technology for convenient, easy sharing of data and information over the network with maximum internet usage feasibility