What type of Ethernet connections does this media converter support?

This media converter supports 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connections with auto negotiation.

What is the maximum range for the fiber optic connection of this media converter?

The maximum range for the fiber optic connection is 550 meters or 1804 feet.

device is 5VDC input, not know what it comes with.

You will need tow, one for each end of the fiber, it is both transmit and receiver.

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StarTech.com Gigabit Ethernet Fiber Media Converter - Compact - 850nm MM LC - 550m - With MM SFP Transceiver

Convert between an RJ45 copper Ethernet connection and a fiber optic connection to extend your network cost-effectively
10/100/1000 Mbps RJ45 port supports auto negotiation to bridge different network speeds and devices to a Gigabit fiber network
Compact standalone design and wall mounting option for easy and convenient installation
850nm LC multimode Gigabit fiber connection using the included SFP transceiver
550m range on fiber optic interface
Link Fault Pass (LFP) supported
Durable metal housing
Supports IEEE 802.1q Tag VLAN pass through
Auto MDIX
9K Jumbo Frame supported